10% of autistic children may ‘recover’
Data presented at the International Society for Autism Research meeting in May in Chicago suggests that one in 10 children diagnosed with autism or autism spectrum disorders may ‘recover’. Deborah Fein, the study's lead author and professor of psychology at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, said that ‘recovery’ is more likely in children who received a treatment known as ‘applied behavioural analysis’ and got it early.
The researchers looked at the results of three groups aged nine to 18:
• 20 ‘optimal outcome’ children (a phrase Fein prefers to ‘recovered’)
• 15 children with ‘high functioning’ autism
• 23 comparison children developing typically
In the research, Fein and her colleagues looked at such measures as head circumference growth patterns, which have previously been suggested to play a role in the development of autism. They found that the rate of head growth followed by deceleration was greater in the optimal outcome and high-functioning autism groups than in the comparison group. But the head-growth patterns were no different in the optimal outcome and highfunctioning groups.
They found that above average IQ may help the ‘recovered’ group normalise and speculated that the above average IQ may help the recovered children to compensate.
Most of the children who recovered received early (before they were five) applied behavioural analysis treatment, an intensive programme that aims to improve problem behaviours although the researchers emphasise that the fact that a child does not ‘recover’ does not mean that they did not have good care.
Children with autism tend to also have coexisting conditions such as attention problems and anxiety and
these conditions persisted even in the ‘recovered’ children.
Martha Herbert, MD, a pediatric neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston and a director of the treatment- guided research initiative with the Autism Society of America, says that a 10% recovery rate for those with autism seems plausible; in the past, estimates of ‘recovery’ have ranged from 3% to 25%. Among autism experts, she says, there is a growing consensus that autism is not entirely 'hard-wired’ and that recovery is possible.
via JS
More at http://tinyurl.com/l46wd2
2009年8月6日 星期四
Compulsory MMR jab – a human rights issue?
Compulsory MMR jab – a human rights issue?
A rash of media coverage hit the headlines in the UK at the beginning of July with calls from Sir Sandy
Macara, a former chairman of the British Medical Association, for the MMR vaccination to be made compulsory for children going to school. His call was echoed by some health ministers
who claim that measles is set to reach epidemic levels again given the loss of faith in the MMR vaccine from fears over links to autism – fears that, they say, are now discredited.
According to the Alliance for Natural Health and many other campaigners, this so-call 'discreditation' refers to the current UK General Medical Council case against Dr Andrew Wakefield. Dr Wakefield is one of a team of doctors from the Royal Free Hospital in London who reported specific bowel symptoms in a prospective case series of 12 consecutive vaccinated children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities, and alleged a possible connection with the MMR vaccination.
The paper was published in the Lancet in 1998 and in the wake of its publication, the doctors faced a massive assault from the media, the vaccine manufacturers, the government, the UK’s General Medical Council and a large clutch of doctors. They were accused of professional misconduct, forced out of their jobs and in March 2004 the GMC announced it was going to instigate an inquiry – which has now been running for 18 months at the taxpayer's expense.
Campaigners’ claims that the right to choose the MMR versus single vaccines for your children is a human rights issue have been given weight by support from health visitors union, Unite. Unite, which embraces the Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association, has rejected Sir Sandy’s call saying that they believe that the NHS is about choice and that Sir Sandy's motion is incompatible with that principle. They maintain that there is a direct link between the declining MMR take-up rates and the slimming down of the health visiting service over the last four years.
Said Cheryll Adams of Unite: 'The health visiting service is now so under-resourced that health visitors no longer automatically see families when the child is eight to12 months old, which is the best time to provide advice and information, so that parents can make an informed decision about MMR. Educating parents, not coercion, is the best way forward.’
At present, only 80% of children have had both the MMR immunisations needed to give full protection –
'herd immunity' necessary to keep these diseases at bay is only achieved when that figure reaches 95%.
via JS
More at http://tinyurl.com/kupbau
and at http://tinyurl.com/ngo94g
A rash of media coverage hit the headlines in the UK at the beginning of July with calls from Sir Sandy
Macara, a former chairman of the British Medical Association, for the MMR vaccination to be made compulsory for children going to school. His call was echoed by some health ministers
who claim that measles is set to reach epidemic levels again given the loss of faith in the MMR vaccine from fears over links to autism – fears that, they say, are now discredited.
According to the Alliance for Natural Health and many other campaigners, this so-call 'discreditation' refers to the current UK General Medical Council case against Dr Andrew Wakefield. Dr Wakefield is one of a team of doctors from the Royal Free Hospital in London who reported specific bowel symptoms in a prospective case series of 12 consecutive vaccinated children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities, and alleged a possible connection with the MMR vaccination.
The paper was published in the Lancet in 1998 and in the wake of its publication, the doctors faced a massive assault from the media, the vaccine manufacturers, the government, the UK’s General Medical Council and a large clutch of doctors. They were accused of professional misconduct, forced out of their jobs and in March 2004 the GMC announced it was going to instigate an inquiry – which has now been running for 18 months at the taxpayer's expense.
Campaigners’ claims that the right to choose the MMR versus single vaccines for your children is a human rights issue have been given weight by support from health visitors union, Unite. Unite, which embraces the Community Practitioners' and Health Visitors' Association, has rejected Sir Sandy’s call saying that they believe that the NHS is about choice and that Sir Sandy's motion is incompatible with that principle. They maintain that there is a direct link between the declining MMR take-up rates and the slimming down of the health visiting service over the last four years.
Said Cheryll Adams of Unite: 'The health visiting service is now so under-resourced that health visitors no longer automatically see families when the child is eight to12 months old, which is the best time to provide advice and information, so that parents can make an informed decision about MMR. Educating parents, not coercion, is the best way forward.’
At present, only 80% of children have had both the MMR immunisations needed to give full protection –
'herd immunity' necessary to keep these diseases at bay is only achieved when that figure reaches 95%.
via JS
More at http://tinyurl.com/kupbau
and at http://tinyurl.com/ngo94g
Pesticides and Parkinson’s disease
Pesticides and Parkinson’s disease
Reporting in the April 15 issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, Beate Ritz, Professor of Epidemiology at UCLA and colleagues found that Central Valley residents who lived within 500 metres of fields sprayed between 1974 and 1999 had a 75% increased risk for Parkinson's.
In addition, people who were diagnosed with Parkinson's at age 60 or younger were found to have been at much higher risk because they had been exposed to maneb, paraquat or
both in combination between 1974 and 1989, years when they would have been children, teens or young adults. The results confirmed previous observations from animal studies that exposure
to multiple chemicals may increase the effect of each chemical (which is important as humans are
often exposed to more than one pesticide in the environment) and that the timing of exposure is also important.
The researchers noted that this is the first epidemiological study to provide strong evidence that maneb and paraquat act synergistically to become neurotoxic and strongly increase the
risk of Parkinson's disease in humans. Of particular concern, and consistent with other theories regarding the progression of Parkinson's pathology, is that the data suggests that the critical
window of exposure to toxicants may have occurred years before the onset
of motor symptoms when a diagnosis of Parkinson's is made.
The researchers had enrolled 368 longtime residents diagnosed with Parkinson's and 341 others as a control group.
More at http://tinyurl.com/kkkj5q
Courtesy of PAN UK www.pan-uk.org
Reporting in the April 15 issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, Beate Ritz, Professor of Epidemiology at UCLA and colleagues found that Central Valley residents who lived within 500 metres of fields sprayed between 1974 and 1999 had a 75% increased risk for Parkinson's.
In addition, people who were diagnosed with Parkinson's at age 60 or younger were found to have been at much higher risk because they had been exposed to maneb, paraquat or
both in combination between 1974 and 1989, years when they would have been children, teens or young adults. The results confirmed previous observations from animal studies that exposure
to multiple chemicals may increase the effect of each chemical (which is important as humans are
often exposed to more than one pesticide in the environment) and that the timing of exposure is also important.
The researchers noted that this is the first epidemiological study to provide strong evidence that maneb and paraquat act synergistically to become neurotoxic and strongly increase the
risk of Parkinson's disease in humans. Of particular concern, and consistent with other theories regarding the progression of Parkinson's pathology, is that the data suggests that the critical
window of exposure to toxicants may have occurred years before the onset
of motor symptoms when a diagnosis of Parkinson's is made.
The researchers had enrolled 368 longtime residents diagnosed with Parkinson's and 341 others as a control group.
More at http://tinyurl.com/kkkj5q
Courtesy of PAN UK www.pan-uk.org
2009年7月27日 星期一
A new theory on autism put forward 自閉症新觀點
A new theory on autism put forward
1. April 2009 20:54
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have
proposed a sweeping new theory of autism that suggests that the brains of
people with autism are structurally normal but dysregulated, meaning
symptoms of the disorder might be reversible.
The central tenet of the theory, published in the March issue of Brain Research
Reviews , is that autism is a developmental disorder caused by impaired
regulation of the locus coeruleus, a bundle of neurons in the brain stem that
processes sensory signals from all areas of the body.
The new theory stems from decades of anecdotal observations that some autistic
children seem to improve when they have a fever, only to regress when the fever
ebbs. A 2007 study in the journal Pediatrics took a more rigorous look at fever
and autism, observing autistic children during and after fever episodes and
comparing their behavior with autistic children who didn't have fevers. This study
documented that autistic children experience behavior changes during fever.
"On a positive note, we are talking about a brain region that is not irrevocably
altered. It gives us hope that, with novel therapies, we will eventually be able to
help people with autism," says theory co-author Mark F. Mehler, M.D., chairman
of neurology and director of the Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural
Regeneration at Einstein.
Autism is a complex developmental disability that affects a person's ability to
communicate and interact with others. It usually appears during the first three
years of life. Autism is called a "spectrum disorder" since it affects individuals
differently and to varying degrees. It is estimated that one in every 150 American
children has some degree of autism.
Einstein researchers contend that scientific evidence directly points to the locus
coeruleus–noradrenergic (LC-NA) system as being involved in autism. "The LCNA
system is the only brain system involved both in producing fever and
controlling behavior," says co-author Dominick P. Purpura, M.D., dean emeritus
and distinguished professor of neuroscience at Einstein.
The locus coeruleus has widespread connections to brain regions that process
sensory information. It secretes most of the brain's noradrenaline, a
neurotransmitter that plays a key role in arousal mechanisms, such as the "fight
or flight" response. It is also involved in a variety of complex behaviors, such as
attentional focusing (the ability to concentrate attention on environmental cues
relevant to the task in hand, or to switch attention from one task to another). Poor
attentional focusing is a defining characteristic of autism.
"What is unique about the locus coeruleus is that it activates almost all higherorder
brain centers that are involved in complex cognitive tasks," says Dr.
Mehler.
Drs. Purpura and Mehler hypothesize that in autism, the LC-NA system is
dysregulated by the interplay of environment, genetic, and epigenetic factors
(chemical substances both within as well as outside the genome that regulate the
expression of genes). They believe that stress plays a central role in
dysregulation of the LC-NA system, especially in the latter stages of prenatal
development when the fetal brain is particularly vulnerable.
As evidence, the researchers point to a 2008 study, published in the Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders, that found a higher incidence of autism
among children whose mothers had been exposed to hurricanes and tropical
storms during pregnancy. Maternal exposure to severe storms at mid-gestation
resulted in the highest prevalence of autism.
Drs. Purpura and Mehler believe that, in autistic children, fever stimulates the LCNA
system, temporarily restoring its normal regulatory function. "This could not
happen if autism was caused by a lesion or some structural abnormality of the
brain," says Dr. Purpura.
"This gives us hope that we will eventually be able to do something for people
with autism," he adds.
The researchers do not advocate fever therapy (fever induced by artificial
means), which would be an overly broad, and perhaps even dangerous, remedy.
Instead, they say, the future of autism treatment probably lies in drugs that
selectively target certain types of noradrenergic brain receptors or, more likely, in
epigenetic therapies targeting genes of the LC-NA system.
"If the locus coeruleus is impaired in autism, it is probably because tens or
hundreds, maybe even thousands, of genes are dysregulated in subtle and
complex ways," says Dr. Mehler. "The only way you can reverse this process is
with epigenetic therapies, which, we are beginning to learn, have the ability to
coordinate very large integrated gene networks."
"The message here is one of hope but also one of caution," Dr. Mehler adds.
"You can't take a complex neuropsychiatric disease that has escaped our
understanding for 50 years and in one fell swoop have a therapy that is going to
reverse it — that's folly. On the other hand, we now have clues to the
neurobiology, the genetics, and the epigenetics of autism. To move forward, we
need to invest more money in basic science to look at the genome and the
epigenome in a more focused way."
http://www.aecom.yu.edu/
Souce: http://www.news-medical.net/news/2009/04/01/47775.aspx
Adults with autism isolated and ignored in the UK 成人自閉症
Adults with autism isolated and ignored in the UK
According to a report from the National Autistic Society (NAS), 63% adults with autism in England do not have enough support to meet their needs.
The 'I Exist' report reveals for first time the miserable daily reality many thousands of adults with autism.
Isolated, ignored and unable to access support they require, they are often completely dependent on their families.
At least one in three adults with autism is experiencing severe mental health difficulties due to a lack of support.
No record is kept by 67% of authorities of how many adults with autism there are in their area, and neither the government, local authorities, primary care trusts know how many adults with autism there are England.
This makes it extremely difficult to plan and deliver the services that people with autism need.
The NAS is calling for a range of support services, provided at the right time, to meet the needs of all adults with autism.
For more information about the 'I Exist' campaign and to download copies of the 'I Exist' report, visit www.think-differently.org.uk.
To find autism services and support networks in your area contact the NAS Autism Services Directory at www.autism.org.uk/autism directory.
This is the UK's most comprehensive directory of services and events for people with autism.
For more information about autism in general, contact the NAS at www.nas.org.uk or call the NAS Autism Helpline on: 0845 070 4004 10am–4pm, Monday to Friday, (local rates apply).
JS
Gene-related language delay in autism
Gene-related language delay in autism
One of the genes on chromosome 16 has recently revealed itself to be a veritable hotbed of mutations, more than one of which may be linked to autism.
Called CNTNAP2, this gene makes a protein that enables brain cells to communicate with each other via chemical signals, and it appears to play a role in brain cell development.
One of the mutations of the CNTNAP2 gene, which is most active in brain areas related to language, appears to be specifically linked to language delay in autistic children.
Whereas children normally utter their first word by the age of one, children with autism show late language onset, and can be speech-delayed by many months or even years, with some never speaking at all.
Interestingly, evidence for this particular link came from the DNA of families with autistic boys, not those with autistic girls, a finding that may help to explain why autism strikes boys three times more often than girls, and perhaps why the 3:1 gender ratio also applies to rates of attention deficit disorders, learning disabilities and language disorders.
http://tinyurl.com/2f2mfb JS
(Source: FoodsMatter)
Klaire Products：Often Selected by Practitioners for Autistic Children
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated with an array of gastrointestinal, immune system, and metabolic abnormalities.
Many of these children on the autism spectrum exhibit sensitivities to foods and environmental toxins.
Clinical and laboratory evidence has been steadily accumulating implicating these multisystem abnormalities and sensitivities in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of ASD symptomatology. An ever increasing number of parents and practitioners are finding that a biomedical approach to ASD that addresses these issues can improve outcomes in children on the autism spectrum. Probiotics, digestive enzymes, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and specialty supplements are
key components in the biomedical approach to ASD either as primary interventions or as adjunctive measures.
Over the years, health practitioners have come to rely upon Klaire Labs™ for nutritional supplements designed to address the special needs of children on the autism spectrum.
Klaire’s hypoallergenic line of probiotics, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and specialty supplements contain ingredients well tolerated by children on the autism spectrum
and are often the practitioner’s preferred choice to support gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurological, detoxification, and immune system functions.
As no two individuals on the autism spectrum present with the same pathologies, treatment protocols vary and are tailored to each child’s needs.
Certain Klaire products, however, have become standouts among practitioners treating ASD and are widely used to provide foundational nutritional support for these children.
Probiotics
Children on the autism spectrum have significant gastrointestinal pathology which may include overgrowth of microbial pathogens, such as Candida albicans and Clostridium species, increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), and malabsorption.
Additionally, diarrhea and/or constipation are often present, either as a result of gastrointestinal pathology or in response to antibiotic therapy and other medications.
Probiotic supplements containing live beneficial microorganisms are frequently used as one of the first nutritional interventions for children on the autism spectrum.
Use of appropriate probiotics helps eliminate pathogens, restore and maintain a healthy balance of intestinal flora and support healthy gastrointestinal and immune system function.
Restoring balance to the gastrointestinal system is crucial for proper nutrient digestion and absorption, protection against intestinal toxins and pathogens, bowel regularity, and immune
system enhancement.
High-potency Ther-Biotic® Detoxification Support with 50+ billion CFUs per capsule is often selected to help restore a healthy balance of intestinal flora during detoxification protocols such as broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-fungal medications or metal chelating agents.
Toxins and metabolic by-products generated during use of these agents can disturb
the healthy balance of intestinal microflora or exacerbate existing intestinal dysbiosis.
Ther-Biotic® Detoxification
Support provides two colonizing Lactobacillus and one endogenous Bifidobacterium probiotic species that support the body’s natural detoxification processes by metabolizing or reducing uptake of toxins by the gut.
Ther-Biotic® Complete, the most comprehensive, maximum-support probiotic formula in the Klaire line, contains 12 certified probiotic species and provides broad coverage to encourage a healthy balance of microflora across the entire gastrointestinal tract.
Ther-Biotic® Complete is recommended for initial, aggressive dosing to regain gastrointestinal
microbial synergy as well as for daily maintenance once a healthy balance of the gut microflora is restored.
It is available in both an ultra-high potency powder providing 100+ billion CFUs per 1/4 teaspoon (400+ billion CFUs per teaspoon) and in vegetarian capsules, each providing 25+ billion CFUs.
Saccharomyces boulardii is a powerful, non-pathogenic, transient yeast probiotic long-used for various types of diarrhea.
It is a hardy, acid-resistant, temperature tolerant microorganism that is not affected by antibiotics. S. boulardii is often used to assist individuals with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute or chronic diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal infections, including Candida albicans.
Overgrowth of pathogenic Candida yeast species is a frequent, often recurrent, problem in children on the autistic spectrum.
Many practitioners rely on S. boulardii for its ability to produce antifungal toxins and organic acids known to naturally inhibit or kill disease causing Candida yeast species. S. boulardii is generally used for short-term gastrointestinal support and is also animportant ingredient in ABx Support™.
ABx Support™ is designed to be used concurrently with antibiotic therapy.
ABx Support™ contains a carefully researched blend of Saccharomyces boulardii with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium breve, probiotic microorganisms documented to support against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated bowel disorder, intestinal and vaginal yeast overgrowth, and vaginal dysbiosis.
Digestive Enzymes
One of the most frequent problems found in children on the autism spectrum is inadequate production and function of digestive enzymes resulting in impaired digestion and contributing to common symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, dyspepsia, gastric reflux, constipation, and diarrhea.
Incomplete enzymatic digestion of ingested grain protein gluten and milk protein casein results in the generation of neurologically active peptides called exorphins.
Exorphin peptides are opiate-like substances that adversely affect development and signal processing in the brain.
Supplemental digestive enzymes can facilitate the breakdown of exorphins as well as generally support the digestion by mediating the breakdown of food carbohydrates, fats, peptides and proteins, facilitating macro- and micronutrient absorption, and reducing the number of large and potentially inflammatory molecules leaking through the intestinal membrane.
Vital-Zymes™ Complete and Vital-Zymes™ Chewable are high-potency, multi-enzyme formulas with a complete range of plant/microbial-based enzymes that work in concert to maximize the breakdown, absorption, and utilization of macronutrients from a wide spectrum of foods, including proteins and peptides, complex carbohydrates, disaccharides, fats, and vegetable fibers.
SerenAid®, a proprietary, high-activity vegetarian enzyme blend of Peptidase and Protease with Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DDP-IV) activity, has long been the standard for hydrolysis of small protein peptides, including exorphins from casein and gluten.
Vitamin and Mineral Support
Dietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals is often used to help correct the nutritional deficits so common in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The gastrointestinal pathology associated with ASD is linked to significant malabsorption of
vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
Children on the autism spectrum have been shown to have a variety of metabolic abnormalities including impaired methylation and transsulfuration biochemistry, increased oxidative stress, and altered energy production that may respond to robust vitamin and mineral repletion.
Klaire Labs™ provides practitioners with a wide selection of single- and multi-nutrient formulas to assist them in meeting individual patient needs. Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (P-5-P), Micellized Vitamin A, Methylcobalamin, Zinc Plus, and Magnesium Glycinate are a just a few of the single-nutrient formulas often incorporated into ASD protocols.
VitaSpectrum™ is a powdered multiple vitamin and mineral supplement containing 28 highly bioavailable essential nutrients in forms, quantities, and ratios designed to address nutritional disturbances commonly observed in children on the autism spectrum.
Biologically active forms of folate, B12, and B6 along with naturally sourced vitamins A, E, and D are included for optimal nutrient utilization. Iron and copper, often contraindicated in ASD, are excluded.
VitaSpectrum™ is affordably priced and provides a comprehensive group of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in a single product.
The Klaire Labs™ Commitment
Klaire Labs™ was founded in 1969 to provide nutritional support for individuals with severe food allergies and environmental sensitivities.
Klaire products utilize well-tolerated, highly bioavailable ingredients, free of common allergens. Klaire Labs™ works closely with clinicians and researchers to formulate innovative products that can be used with confidence by individuals with special needs such as childrem on the autism spectrum.
Klaire Labs™ maintains an ongoing commitment to product purity, hypoallergenicity, and rigorous quality control.
Active and inert ingredients used in Klaire products are free of common allergens, including dairy, wheat, corn, yeast, and gluten. No sugar, starch, maltodextrin, stearates, artificial sweeteners, colors, flavors, salicylates or preservatives are used in manufacturing
making Klaire Labs™ products widely-preferred and suitable choices in the biomedical management of ASD.
A new theory on autism put forward 自閉症新觀點
www.littlegianthk.com/articles/A_new_theory_on_autism_put_forward.pdf
A new theory on autism put forward
1. April 2009 20:54
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have proposed a sweeping new theory of autism that suggests that the brains of people with autism are structurally normal but dysregulated, meaning symptoms of the disorder might be reversible.
The central tenet of the theory, published in the March issue of Brain Research
Reviews , is that autism is a developmental disorder caused by impaired
regulation of the locus coeruleus, a bundle of neurons in the brain stem that
processes sensory signals from all areas of the body.
The new theory stems from decades of anecdotal observations that some autistic
children seem to improve when they have a fever, only to regress when the fever
ebbs.
A 2007 study in the journal Pediatrics took a more rigorous look at fever
and autism, observing autistic children during and after fever episodes and
comparing their behavior with autistic children who didn't have fevers.
This study documented that autistic children experience behavior changes during fever.
"On a positive note, we are talking about a brain region that is not irrevocably
altered. It gives us hope that, with novel therapies, we will eventually be able to
help people with autism," says theory co-author Mark F. Mehler, M.D., chairman
of neurology and director of the Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural
Regeneration at Einstein.
Autism is a complex developmental disability that affects a person's ability to
communicate and interact with others. It usually appears during the first three
years of life. Autism is called a "spectrum disorder" since it affects individuals
differently and to varying degrees. It is estimated that one in every 150 American
children has some degree of autism.
Einstein researchers contend that scientific evidence directly points to the locus
coeruleus–noradrenergic (LC-NA) system as being involved in autism. "The LCNA
system is the only brain system involved both in producing fever and controlling behavior," says co-author Dominick P. Purpura, M.D., dean emeritus and distinguished professor of neuroscience at Einstein.
The locus coeruleus has widespread connections to brain regions that process sensory information. It secretes most of the brain's noradrenaline, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in arousal mechanisms, such as the "fight or flight" response. It is also involved in a variety of complex behaviors, such as attentional focusing (the ability to concentrate attention on environmental cues
relevant to the task in hand, or to switch attention from one task to another).
Poor attentional focusing is a defining characteristic of autism.
"What is unique about the locus coeruleus is that it activates almost all higherorder
brain centers that are involved in complex cognitive tasks," says Dr. Mehler.
Drs. Purpura and Mehler hypothesize that in autism, the LC-NA system is
dysregulated by the interplay of environment, genetic, and epigenetic factors(chemical substances both within as well as outside the genome that regulate the
expression of genes). They believe that stress plays a central role in
dysregulation of the LC-NA system, especially in the latter stages of prenatal
development when the fetal brain is particularly vulnerable.
As evidence, the researchers point to a 2008 study, published in the Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders, that found a higher incidence of autism
among children whose mothers had been exposed to hurricanes and tropical
storms during pregnancy. Maternal exposure to severe storms at mid-gestation
resulted in the highest prevalence of autism.
Drs. Purpura and Mehler believe that, in autistic children, fever stimulates the LCNA
system, temporarily restoring its normal regulatory function. "This could not
happen if autism was caused by a lesion or some structural abnormality of the
brain," says Dr. Purpura.
"This gives us hope that we will eventually be able to do something for people
with autism," he adds.
The researchers do not advocate fever therapy (fever induced by artificial
means), which would be an overly broad, and perhaps even dangerous, remedy.
Instead, they say, the future of autism treatment probably lies in drugs that
selectively target certain types of noradrenergic brain receptors or, more likely, in
epigenetic therapies targeting genes of the LC-NA system.
"If the locus coeruleus is impaired in autism, it is probably because tens or
hundreds, maybe even thousands, of genes are dysregulated in subtle and
complex ways," says Dr. Mehler. "The only way you can reverse this process is
with epigenetic therapies, which, we are beginning to learn, have the ability to
coordinate very large integrated gene networks."
"The message here is one of hope but also one of caution," Dr. Mehler adds.
"You can't take a complex neuropsychiatric disease that has escaped our
understanding for 50 years and in one fell swoop have a therapy that is going to
reverse it — that's folly. On the other hand, we now have clues to the
neurobiology, the genetics, and the epigenetics of autism. To move forward, we
need to invest more money in basic science to look at the genome and the
epigenome in a more focused way."
http://www.aecom.yu.edu/
Souce: http://www.news-medical.net/news/2009/04/01/47775.aspx
A new theory on autism put forward
1. April 2009 20:54
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have proposed a sweeping new theory of autism that suggests that the brains of people with autism are structurally normal but dysregulated, meaning symptoms of the disorder might be reversible.
The central tenet of the theory, published in the March issue of Brain Research
Reviews , is that autism is a developmental disorder caused by impaired
regulation of the locus coeruleus, a bundle of neurons in the brain stem that
processes sensory signals from all areas of the body.
The new theory stems from decades of anecdotal observations that some autistic
children seem to improve when they have a fever, only to regress when the fever
ebbs.
A 2007 study in the journal Pediatrics took a more rigorous look at fever
and autism, observing autistic children during and after fever episodes and
comparing their behavior with autistic children who didn't have fevers.
This study documented that autistic children experience behavior changes during fever.
"On a positive note, we are talking about a brain region that is not irrevocably
altered. It gives us hope that, with novel therapies, we will eventually be able to
help people with autism," says theory co-author Mark F. Mehler, M.D., chairman
of neurology and director of the Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural
Regeneration at Einstein.
Autism is a complex developmental disability that affects a person's ability to
communicate and interact with others. It usually appears during the first three
years of life. Autism is called a "spectrum disorder" since it affects individuals
differently and to varying degrees. It is estimated that one in every 150 American
children has some degree of autism.
Einstein researchers contend that scientific evidence directly points to the locus
coeruleus–noradrenergic (LC-NA) system as being involved in autism. "The LCNA
system is the only brain system involved both in producing fever and controlling behavior," says co-author Dominick P. Purpura, M.D., dean emeritus and distinguished professor of neuroscience at Einstein.
The locus coeruleus has widespread connections to brain regions that process sensory information. It secretes most of the brain's noradrenaline, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in arousal mechanisms, such as the "fight or flight" response. It is also involved in a variety of complex behaviors, such as attentional focusing (the ability to concentrate attention on environmental cues
relevant to the task in hand, or to switch attention from one task to another).
Poor attentional focusing is a defining characteristic of autism.
"What is unique about the locus coeruleus is that it activates almost all higherorder
brain centers that are involved in complex cognitive tasks," says Dr. Mehler.
Drs. Purpura and Mehler hypothesize that in autism, the LC-NA system is
dysregulated by the interplay of environment, genetic, and epigenetic factors(chemical substances both within as well as outside the genome that regulate the
expression of genes). They believe that stress plays a central role in
dysregulation of the LC-NA system, especially in the latter stages of prenatal
development when the fetal brain is particularly vulnerable.
As evidence, the researchers point to a 2008 study, published in the Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders, that found a higher incidence of autism
among children whose mothers had been exposed to hurricanes and tropical
storms during pregnancy. Maternal exposure to severe storms at mid-gestation
resulted in the highest prevalence of autism.
Drs. Purpura and Mehler believe that, in autistic children, fever stimulates the LCNA
system, temporarily restoring its normal regulatory function. "This could not
happen if autism was caused by a lesion or some structural abnormality of the
brain," says Dr. Purpura.
"This gives us hope that we will eventually be able to do something for people
with autism," he adds.
The researchers do not advocate fever therapy (fever induced by artificial
means), which would be an overly broad, and perhaps even dangerous, remedy.
Instead, they say, the future of autism treatment probably lies in drugs that
selectively target certain types of noradrenergic brain receptors or, more likely, in
epigenetic therapies targeting genes of the LC-NA system.
"If the locus coeruleus is impaired in autism, it is probably because tens or
hundreds, maybe even thousands, of genes are dysregulated in subtle and
complex ways," says Dr. Mehler. "The only way you can reverse this process is
with epigenetic therapies, which, we are beginning to learn, have the ability to
coordinate very large integrated gene networks."
"The message here is one of hope but also one of caution," Dr. Mehler adds.
"You can't take a complex neuropsychiatric disease that has escaped our
understanding for 50 years and in one fell swoop have a therapy that is going to
reverse it — that's folly. On the other hand, we now have clues to the
neurobiology, the genetics, and the epigenetics of autism. To move forward, we
need to invest more money in basic science to look at the genome and the
epigenome in a more focused way."
http://www.aecom.yu.edu/
Souce: http://www.news-medical.net/news/2009/04/01/47775.aspx
Scientists make gut-brain connection to autism
Scientists make gut-brain connection to autism 自閉症與腸胃及腦部的關係
www.littlegianthk.com/articles/Scientists_make_gut-brain_connection_to_autism.pdf
Last Updated: Thursday, September 27, 2007 | 5:29 PM ET
Compounds produced in the digestive system have been linked to autistic-type behaviour in laboratory settings, potentially demonstrating that what autistic children eat can alter their brain function, say scientists from the University of Western Ontario.
They announced their findings Thursday in Ottawa.
Scientists are learning that the brain and body can influence each other, says a Harvard researcher.
(CBC)
UWO researchers investigated the "gut-brain" connection after many parents of autistic children reported significant improvements in the behaviour of their autistic children when they modified their diet, eliminating dairy and wheat products, Dr. Derrick MacFabe, the director of a research group at UWO in London, Ont., told CBC News Thursday.
Researchers were particularly interested in one dietary characteristic the autistic children seemed to exhibit, he said.
"Certainly, a lot of these children had peculiar cravings for high-carbohydrate foods that caused their behaviours," he said.
"We were interested in finding a link between certain compounds that are produced by bacteria in the digestive system — particularly those occurring with early childhood infections."
The bacteria produce propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid, which in addition to existing in the gut, is commonly found in bread and dairy products, MacFabe said.
To test their hypothesis that diet plays a part in generating autistic behaviour, UWO scientists administered the compound to rats' brains.
"They immediately engaged in bouts of repetitive behaviour, hyperactivity and impaired social behaviours which had close similarity to what parents are seeing with autism," MacFabe said.
When the rats' brains were examined later, they were found to have inflammatory processes similar to those in the brains of autistic children, he said.
"We found, looking at the rats' brains under the microscope, changes that looked a lot like what's occurred from autopsy cases of patients who had autism."
It's remarkable that a simple compound like propionic acid would have such a dramatic effect on "normal" animals, he said.
MacFabe said his research team, and scientists at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont., and Harvard University, are now conducting screening studies looking at effects of dietary changes in the general population.
New way of approaching autism
Dr. Martha Herbert, assistant professor in neurology at Harvard Medical School, told CBC News that the study opens up a new way of thinking about the disorder.
"Now we're learning that the brain and body can influence each other," she said.
Autistic children are increasingly being seen as "oversensitized," meaning "things may bother them that don't bother other people," she said. "We need to pay attention to this."
Treating a child's health should be the first step in addressing autism, Herbert said, rather than solely focusing on behavioural therapy, currently a mainline approach.
"Behaviour therapy is certainly important. But the child's health controls the bandwidth that the child has for being able to benefit from behavioural therapy. If a child is sick, they won't be able to focus."
Parents should watch their children closely to determine what foods trigger reactions and to consider removing those triggers, she said.
Herbert strongly advocates a balanced diet, consisting of all food groups, not just "bread and cheese."
"If you have foods that child is sensitive to in their immune system, that can set up processes that can impact brain function, and it can do so in a negative way. And if you remove those foods, that negative impact can stop."
2009年7月24日 星期五
Klaire Products：Often Selected by Practitioners for Autistic Children
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated with an array of gastrointestinal, immune system, and metabolic abnormalities.
Many of these children on the autism spectrum exhibit sensitivities to foods and environmental toxins.Clinical and laboratory evidence has been steadily accumulating implicating these multisystem abnormalities and sensitivities in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of ASD symptomatology. An ever increasing number of parents and practitioners are finding that a biomedical approach to ASD that addresses these issues can improve outcomes in children on the autism spectrum. Probiotics, digestive enzymes, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and specialty supplements arekey components in the biomedical approach to ASD either as primary interventions or as adjunctive measures.
Over the years, health practitioners have come to rely upon Klaire Labs™ for nutritional supplements designed to address the special needs of children on the autism spectrum.
Klaire’s hypoallergenic line of probiotics, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and specialty supplements contain ingredients well tolerated by children on the autism spectrumand are often the practitioner’s preferred choice to support gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurological, detoxification, and immune system functions.As no two individuals on the autism spectrum present with the same pathologies, treatment protocols vary and are tailored to each child’s needs.
Certain Klaire products, however, have become standouts among practitioners treating ASD and are widely used to provide foundational nutritional support for these children.
ProbioticsChildren on the autism spectrum have significant gastrointestinal pathology which may include overgrowth of microbial pathogens, such as Candida albicans and Clostridium species, increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), and malabsorption.
Additionally, diarrhea and/or constipation are often present, either as a result of gastrointestinal pathology or in response to antibiotic therapy and other medications.
Probiotic supplements containing live beneficial microorganisms are frequently used as one of the first nutritional interventions for children on the autism spectrum.
Use of appropriate probiotics helps eliminate pathogens, restore and maintain a healthy balance of intestinal flora and support healthy gastrointestinal and immune system function.
Restoring balance to the gastrointestinal system is crucial for proper nutrient digestion and absorption, protection against intestinal toxins and pathogens, bowel regularity, and immunesystem enhancement.High-potency Ther-Biotic® Detoxification Support with 50+ billion CFUs per capsule is often selected to help restore a healthy balance of intestinal flora during detoxification protocols such as broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-fungal medications or metal chelating agents.
Toxins and metabolic by-products generated during use of these agents can disturbthe healthy balance of intestinal microflora or exacerbate existing intestinal dysbiosis.
Ther-Biotic® DetoxificationSupport provides two colonizing Lactobacillus and one endogenous Bifidobacterium probiotic species that support the body’s natural detoxification processes by metabolizing or reducing uptake of toxins by the gut.Ther-Biotic® Complete, the most comprehensive, maximum-support probiotic formula in the Klaire line, contains 12 certified probiotic species and provides broad coverage to encourage a healthy balance of microflora across the entire gastrointestinal tract.
Ther-Biotic® Complete is recommended for initial, aggressive dosing to regain gastrointestinalmicrobial synergy as well as for daily maintenance once a healthy balance of the gut microflora is restored.
It is available in both an ultra-high potency powder providing 100+ billion CFUs per 1/4 teaspoon (400+ billion CFUs per teaspoon) and in vegetarian capsules, each providing 25+ billion CFUs.
Saccharomyces boulardii is a powerful, non-pathogenic, transient yeast probiotic long-used for various types of diarrhea.It is a hardy, acid-resistant, temperature tolerant microorganism that is not affected by antibiotics. S. boulardii is often used to assist individuals with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute or chronic diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal infections, including Candida albicans.
Overgrowth of pathogenic Candida yeast species is a frequent, often recurrent, problem in children on the autistic spectrum.
Many practitioners rely on S. boulardii for its ability to produce antifungal toxins and organic acids known to naturally inhibit or kill disease causing Candida yeast species. S. boulardii is generally used for short-term gastrointestinal support and is also animportant ingredient in ABx Support™.
ABx Support™ is designed to be used concurrently with antibiotic therapy.
ABx Support™ contains a carefully researched blend of Saccharomyces boulardii with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium breve, probiotic microorganisms documented to support against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated bowel disorder, intestinal and vaginal yeast overgrowth, and vaginal dysbiosis.
Digestive EnzymesOne of the most frequent problems found in children on the autism spectrum is inadequate production and function of digestive enzymes resulting in impaired digestion and contributing to common symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, dyspepsia, gastric reflux, constipation, and diarrhea.
Incomplete enzymatic digestion of ingested grain protein gluten and milk protein casein results in the generation of neurologically active peptides called exorphins.Exorphin peptides are opiate-like substances that adversely affect development and signal processing in the brain.Supplemental digestive enzymes can facilitate the breakdown of exorphins as well as generally support the digestion by mediating the breakdown of food carbohydrates, fats, peptides and proteins, facilitating macro- and micronutrient absorption, and reducing the number of large and potentially inflammatory molecules leaking through the intestinal membrane.
Vital-Zymes™ Complete and Vital-Zymes™ Chewable are high-potency, multi-enzyme formulas with a complete range of plant/microbial-based enzymes that work in concert to maximize the breakdown, absorption, and utilization of macronutrients from a wide spectrum of foods, including proteins and peptides, complex carbohydrates, disaccharides, fats, and vegetable fibers.SerenAid®, a proprietary, high-activity vegetarian enzyme blend of Peptidase and Protease with Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DDP-IV) activity, has long been the standard for hydrolysis of small protein peptides, including exorphins from casein and gluten.
Vitamin and Mineral SupportDietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals is often used to help correct the nutritional deficits so common in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The gastrointestinal pathology associated with ASD is linked to significant malabsorption ofvitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
Children on the autism spectrum have been shown to have a variety of metabolic abnormalities including impaired methylation and transsulfuration biochemistry, increased oxidative stress, and altered energy production that may respond to robust vitamin and mineral repletion.
Klaire Labs™ provides practitioners with a wide selection of single- and multi-nutrient formulas to assist them in meeting individual patient needs. Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (P-5-P), Micellized Vitamin A, Methylcobalamin, Zinc Plus, and Magnesium Glycinate are a just a few of the single-nutrient formulas often incorporated into ASD protocols.VitaSpectrum™ is a powdered multiple vitamin and mineral supplement containing 28 highly bioavailable essential nutrients in forms, quantities, and ratios designed to address nutritional disturbances commonly observed in children on the autism spectrum.
Biologically active forms of folate, B12, and B6 along with naturally sourced vitamins A, E, and D are included for optimal nutrient utilization. Iron and copper, often contraindicated in ASD, are excluded.VitaSpectrum™ is affordably priced and provides a comprehensive group of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in a single product.
The Klaire Labs™ CommitmentKlaire Labs™ was founded in 1969 to provide nutritional support for individuals with severe food allergies and environmental sensitivities.
Klaire products utilize well-tolerated, highly bioavailable ingredients, free of common allergens. Klaire Labs™ works closely with clinicians and researchers to formulate innovative products that can be used with confidence by individuals with special needs such as childrem on the autism spectrum.
Klaire Labs™ maintains an ongoing commitment to product purity, hypoallergenicity, and rigorous quality control.
Active and inert ingredients used in Klaire products are free of common allergens, including dairy, wheat, corn, yeast, and gluten. No sugar, starch, maltodextrin, stearates, artificial sweeteners, colors, flavors, salicylates or preservatives are used in manufacturingmaking Klaire Labs™ products widely-preferred and suitable choices in the biomedical management of ASD.
Many of these children on the autism spectrum exhibit sensitivities to foods and environmental toxins.Clinical and laboratory evidence has been steadily accumulating implicating these multisystem abnormalities and sensitivities in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of ASD symptomatology. An ever increasing number of parents and practitioners are finding that a biomedical approach to ASD that addresses these issues can improve outcomes in children on the autism spectrum. Probiotics, digestive enzymes, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and specialty supplements arekey components in the biomedical approach to ASD either as primary interventions or as adjunctive measures.
Over the years, health practitioners have come to rely upon Klaire Labs™ for nutritional supplements designed to address the special needs of children on the autism spectrum.
Klaire’s hypoallergenic line of probiotics, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and specialty supplements contain ingredients well tolerated by children on the autism spectrumand are often the practitioner’s preferred choice to support gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurological, detoxification, and immune system functions.As no two individuals on the autism spectrum present with the same pathologies, treatment protocols vary and are tailored to each child’s needs.
Certain Klaire products, however, have become standouts among practitioners treating ASD and are widely used to provide foundational nutritional support for these children.
ProbioticsChildren on the autism spectrum have significant gastrointestinal pathology which may include overgrowth of microbial pathogens, such as Candida albicans and Clostridium species, increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut), and malabsorption.
Additionally, diarrhea and/or constipation are often present, either as a result of gastrointestinal pathology or in response to antibiotic therapy and other medications.
Probiotic supplements containing live beneficial microorganisms are frequently used as one of the first nutritional interventions for children on the autism spectrum.
Use of appropriate probiotics helps eliminate pathogens, restore and maintain a healthy balance of intestinal flora and support healthy gastrointestinal and immune system function.
Restoring balance to the gastrointestinal system is crucial for proper nutrient digestion and absorption, protection against intestinal toxins and pathogens, bowel regularity, and immunesystem enhancement.High-potency Ther-Biotic® Detoxification Support with 50+ billion CFUs per capsule is often selected to help restore a healthy balance of intestinal flora during detoxification protocols such as broad-spectrum antibiotics, anti-fungal medications or metal chelating agents.
Toxins and metabolic by-products generated during use of these agents can disturbthe healthy balance of intestinal microflora or exacerbate existing intestinal dysbiosis.
Ther-Biotic® DetoxificationSupport provides two colonizing Lactobacillus and one endogenous Bifidobacterium probiotic species that support the body’s natural detoxification processes by metabolizing or reducing uptake of toxins by the gut.Ther-Biotic® Complete, the most comprehensive, maximum-support probiotic formula in the Klaire line, contains 12 certified probiotic species and provides broad coverage to encourage a healthy balance of microflora across the entire gastrointestinal tract.
Ther-Biotic® Complete is recommended for initial, aggressive dosing to regain gastrointestinalmicrobial synergy as well as for daily maintenance once a healthy balance of the gut microflora is restored.
It is available in both an ultra-high potency powder providing 100+ billion CFUs per 1/4 teaspoon (400+ billion CFUs per teaspoon) and in vegetarian capsules, each providing 25+ billion CFUs.
Saccharomyces boulardii is a powerful, non-pathogenic, transient yeast probiotic long-used for various types of diarrhea.It is a hardy, acid-resistant, temperature tolerant microorganism that is not affected by antibiotics. S. boulardii is often used to assist individuals with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute or chronic diarrhea, traveler’s diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal infections, including Candida albicans.
Overgrowth of pathogenic Candida yeast species is a frequent, often recurrent, problem in children on the autistic spectrum.
Many practitioners rely on S. boulardii for its ability to produce antifungal toxins and organic acids known to naturally inhibit or kill disease causing Candida yeast species. S. boulardii is generally used for short-term gastrointestinal support and is also animportant ingredient in ABx Support™.
ABx Support™ is designed to be used concurrently with antibiotic therapy.
ABx Support™ contains a carefully researched blend of Saccharomyces boulardii with Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium breve, probiotic microorganisms documented to support against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated bowel disorder, intestinal and vaginal yeast overgrowth, and vaginal dysbiosis.
Digestive EnzymesOne of the most frequent problems found in children on the autism spectrum is inadequate production and function of digestive enzymes resulting in impaired digestion and contributing to common symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, dyspepsia, gastric reflux, constipation, and diarrhea.
Incomplete enzymatic digestion of ingested grain protein gluten and milk protein casein results in the generation of neurologically active peptides called exorphins.Exorphin peptides are opiate-like substances that adversely affect development and signal processing in the brain.Supplemental digestive enzymes can facilitate the breakdown of exorphins as well as generally support the digestion by mediating the breakdown of food carbohydrates, fats, peptides and proteins, facilitating macro- and micronutrient absorption, and reducing the number of large and potentially inflammatory molecules leaking through the intestinal membrane.
Vital-Zymes™ Complete and Vital-Zymes™ Chewable are high-potency, multi-enzyme formulas with a complete range of plant/microbial-based enzymes that work in concert to maximize the breakdown, absorption, and utilization of macronutrients from a wide spectrum of foods, including proteins and peptides, complex carbohydrates, disaccharides, fats, and vegetable fibers.SerenAid®, a proprietary, high-activity vegetarian enzyme blend of Peptidase and Protease with Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DDP-IV) activity, has long been the standard for hydrolysis of small protein peptides, including exorphins from casein and gluten.
Vitamin and Mineral SupportDietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals is often used to help correct the nutritional deficits so common in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The gastrointestinal pathology associated with ASD is linked to significant malabsorption ofvitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
Children on the autism spectrum have been shown to have a variety of metabolic abnormalities including impaired methylation and transsulfuration biochemistry, increased oxidative stress, and altered energy production that may respond to robust vitamin and mineral repletion.
Klaire Labs™ provides practitioners with a wide selection of single- and multi-nutrient formulas to assist them in meeting individual patient needs. Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (P-5-P), Micellized Vitamin A, Methylcobalamin, Zinc Plus, and Magnesium Glycinate are a just a few of the single-nutrient formulas often incorporated into ASD protocols.VitaSpectrum™ is a powdered multiple vitamin and mineral supplement containing 28 highly bioavailable essential nutrients in forms, quantities, and ratios designed to address nutritional disturbances commonly observed in children on the autism spectrum.
Biologically active forms of folate, B12, and B6 along with naturally sourced vitamins A, E, and D are included for optimal nutrient utilization. Iron and copper, often contraindicated in ASD, are excluded.VitaSpectrum™ is affordably priced and provides a comprehensive group of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in a single product.
The Klaire Labs™ CommitmentKlaire Labs™ was founded in 1969 to provide nutritional support for individuals with severe food allergies and environmental sensitivities.
Klaire products utilize well-tolerated, highly bioavailable ingredients, free of common allergens. Klaire Labs™ works closely with clinicians and researchers to formulate innovative products that can be used with confidence by individuals with special needs such as childrem on the autism spectrum.
Klaire Labs™ maintains an ongoing commitment to product purity, hypoallergenicity, and rigorous quality control.
Active and inert ingredients used in Klaire products are free of common allergens, including dairy, wheat, corn, yeast, and gluten. No sugar, starch, maltodextrin, stearates, artificial sweeteners, colors, flavors, salicylates or preservatives are used in manufacturingmaking Klaire Labs™ products widely-preferred and suitable choices in the biomedical management of ASD.
訂閱：
文章 (Atom)